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2022
2023

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Govindharaj, Guru-Pirasanna-Pandi

Population genetic structure and migration pattern of Nilaparvata lugens (Stål.) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) populations in India based on mitochondrial COI gene sequences

Abstract Views :160 | PDF Views:78

Authors

Guru-Pirasanna-Pandi Govindharaj ¹, Jaipal Singh Choudhary ², Aashish Kumar Anant ³, C. Parameswaran ³, G. Basana-Gowda ³, Totan Adak ³, P. Paneerselvam ³, M. Annamalai ³, Naveenkumar Patil ³, Prakash Chandra Rath ³

Affiliations
1 Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753 006, India
2 ICAR-Reseach Complex for Eastern Region, Farming Systems Research Centre for Hill and Plateau Region, Ranchi 834 010, India
3 Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753 006, India

Source

Current Science, Vol 123, No 3 (2022), Pagination: 461-470

Abstract

Despite the economic and ecological impact of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens infestation associated with rice cultivation in India, studies on its genetic structure are lacking. Hence, the present study was conducted to assess the genetic variability of N. lugens in India. The study evaluated the diversity in N. lugens populations using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene sequences from India, and compared them with the Bangladesh, China and Japan populations. In all, 47 unique haplotypes were identified and the haplotype number varied from 6 to 18 in the sampled populations. Genetic diversity indices like nucleotide diversity (0.004), average number of nucleotide differences (1.98), haplotype diversity (0.667) and haplotype number (47) of N. lugens populations from India revealed a low level of genetic diversity. A highly significant negative correlation of the demographic history of N. lugens populations along with no significant sum of square deviations indicated possible recent expansion of the brown planthopper in India. A non-significant correlation in isolation pattern by distance results indicated that geographic barriers present in the country are not sufficient for genetic differentiation among N. lugens from different migratory populations. In this study, the genetic diversity of N. lugens populations from India is compared with other Asian populations

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References

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Fauna Associated with Wheat Cultivation in High Altitudes of the Nilgiris, India

Abstract Views :112 | PDF Views:66

Authors

J. Berliner ¹, J. Alfred-Daniel ², Balaji Rajkumar ³, H. C. Hombegowda ⁴, B. Manimaran ⁵, Rashid Parvez ⁵, M. R. Khan ⁵, Priyank Hanuman Mhatre ⁶, Guru-Pirasanna-Pandi Govindharaj ⁷

Affiliations
1 ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Wellington 643 231, IN
2 The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev 8499000, IL
3 ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Regional Station, Madikeri 571 201, IN
4 ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Regional Station, Udagamandalam 643 004, IN
5 ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, IN
6 ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Regional Station, Udhagamandalam 643 004, IN
7 ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753 006, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 124, No 4 (2023), Pagination: 426-433

Abstract

Wheat cultivation in southern India is unique as it is grown in high altitudes (1500 m amsl), surrounded by the pristine environment of the Western Ghats. Also, it can be grown throughout the year, unlike only once a year in India’s central and northern plains. The faunal pressure on wheat cultivation in southern India is different from the other wheat-growing regions in the country. However, information on faunal diversity associated with wheat crops in this unique ecosystem is meagre. Hence, the present study aimed to acquire knowledge based on the fauna associated with and their influence on wheat cultivation in the Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, South India. Our results indicated that the phylum Arthropoda dominated the ecosystem with 61 species, followed by the Chordata with 41 species, and the Nematoda with 22 species. The coleopterans were found to be dominant among arthropods followed by lepidopterans. In chordates, small birds such as spotted munia and common rosefinch were observed often, while among the Nematoda, the plant-parasitic order Tylenchida topped the list. During different phases of cultivation, the overall diversity was highest during the early stages of the crop and least during the vegetative phase. This study also highlights the human– animal interaction in the context of agriculture, as it was observed that the damage caused by Nilgiri gaur, spotted munia and common rosefinch was one of the major reasons for non-preference of wheat crops by the farmers besides the lack of cost-effective technologies to ward-off wild animals. This initiative may encourage researchers to perform more comprehensive studies on the faunal diversity of the entire crop-growing areas in the southern hill regions of India.

Keywords

Agroecosystem, Animals, Biodiversity, Birds, Nematodes, Wheat.

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Genome Organization and Comparative Evolutionary Mitochondriomics of Rice Earhead Bug Leptocorisa oratoria (Fabricius)

Abstract Views :45 | PDF Views:42

Authors

Guru-Pirasanna-Pandi Govindharaj ¹, M. Annamalai ¹, Jaipal Singh Choudhary ², G. Basana-Gowda ¹, Totan Adak ¹, Naiyar Naaz ², Naveenkumar Patil ¹, Enrico Ruzzier ³, Prakash Chandra Rath ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753 006, IN
2 ICAR-Research Complex for the Eastern Region, Farming System Research Centre for Hill and Plateau Region, Ranchi 834 010, IN
3 World Biodiversity Association Onlus, C/o Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Lungadige Porta Vittoria 9, 37129 Verona, IT

Source

Current Science, Vol 125, No 4 (2023), Pagination: 407-415

Abstract

The rice earhead bug, Leptocorisa oratoria (Fabricius, 1794) is a critical rice pest in India. No mitochondrial genome of L. oratoria has been sequenced earlier, and the mitochondrial data are crucial for phylogenetic and population genetic studies of this significant rice pest. In the present study, the genome of L. oratoria is 17,584 bp long with 73.57% AT content. We observed tandem repeat in the control region. Analyses from genetic distance, sliding window and K_a/K_s ratio revealed a purifying selection of 13 protein-coding genes, with cox1 and nad2 reporting the lowest and highest rate of evolution respectively. Phylogenetic analysis was reconstructed using 65 pentatomid mitogenomes with Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood methods. The results help differentiate the Coreoidea superfamily from Lygaeoidea, Aradoidea and Pentatomoidea. There were two topologies at the family level, i.e. one clade formed with Coreidae + Rhopalidae + Alydidae, and the rest of the families of Pentatomomorpha formed in separate clades. Further, L. oratoria produced an independent subclade from the earlier reported Leptocorisa sp. genome. This study provides a source mitogenome for L. oratoria species to study population demography, individual differences and phylogeography of hemipterans.

Keywords

Mitogenome, Next Generation Sequencing, Population Genetics, Phylogeny, Rice Earhead Bug.

Full Text

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